A Beginner's Guide to Data Capture Methods in GIS

Thanks to the advent of computerized maps and digital mapping technology, it is now possible to use CAD software and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) for anything from land management and resource allocation to designing buildings and finding new sites for hospitals, schools, and businesses. 

Surveyors are finding themselves taking on a whole new level of responsibility and taking on roles in the planning stages of new buildings and construction projects.

They work with architects and engineers to map out the land for building roads and erecting new structures such as bridges. They also go into forests, mines, and even underwater to test drilling sites for oil rigs before production begins. 

The following article will explain the basic techniques a GIS mobile solution uses and how they can apply to various fields.

What is a GIS Software?

GIS field data capture software is a new generation of GIS desktop applications specially designed for a mobile device with a GPS receiver, compass, and camera.

With the help of GIS field data capture software, you can take all required field measurements, add photos to locations and record audio notes.

With the data capture software, you can measure distances and areas, create points on the map from coordinates, add topographic contour lines, address information about a feature in question - all while adding supporting photos to each location. 

You may also want to compare plans with areas already surveyed with GPS equipment. The technology can work with you wherever you are and upload all of your data into a central server for managers, planners, and architects access. 

Types of Data Capture Methods

There are numerous ways to record data in the field with a GIS mobile solution, which could be used for different tasks.

Using GPS Units to Record Locations

A global positioning system (GPS) unit can help you pinpoint your location even when there is no visible landmark nearby; it uses nearby satellites that orbit the earth.

The unit can also record the path taken between two points or a series of points to perform regression analysis.

Using a Total Station to Record Elevation and Contour Lines

A total station is a survey instrument that can help you to measure elevations, angles, and distances. Their primary purpose is topographic surveying, but they may also be used to create contour lines that show the shape of the land.

Using a Theodolite to Record Angles and Land Features

A theodolite is another type of survey instrument, which can be set up on tripods or mounted on vehicles like cars, boats, and helicopters. It measures angles rather than locations but can also record topographic information.

Using G-Meters to Record Mining Sites

Gravity meters (G-meters) are handheld devices that can measure density variations in the earth's surface, which usually relate to the presence of valuable minerals like gold or diamonds. 

Using Borehole Drilling Machines to Record Soil and Ground Conditions

Drilling machines can be used to make boreholes in the ground, allowing you to find out how deep the earth is and thus the soil conditions there. 

Oil and gas companies use it to look for oil, natural gas, and underground water reserves. 

Final Words

Using GIS field data capture software lets you get complete information and upload it onto a central server, where other people can access and use the information. 

The technology allows you to navigate large areas with ease. It is better than traditional pencil-and-paper methods and conventional GPS hardware because it takes so many more variables into account.