Gateway Features

Gateway protocol(GGP)

In order to correctly and efficiently route packets, the core gateway needs to know what is happening in other parts of the Internet, including routing information and subnet characteristics.

This type of information is typically used when a gateway handles heavy loads and is extremely slow, and this gateway is the only way to access a subnet. Other gateways in the network can tailor traffic to mitigate the load on the gateway.

GGP is mainly used to exchange routing information, not to confuse routing information (including address, topology, and routing delay details) and algorithms for making routing decisions. The routing algorithm is usually fixed within the gateway and is not changed by the GGP. The core gateways communicate by sending GGP information and waiting for a reply, and then updating the routing table if a response with a specific message is received.

External gateway protocol(EGP)

The external gateway protocol is used to transfer information between non-core neighboring gateways. A non-core gateway contains routing information for all gateways directly adjacent to it on the Internet and its associated machine information, but they do not contain information from other gateways on the Internet. For most EGPs, only local or WAN information that maintains their services is restricted. This prevents excessive routing information from being transmitted between the LAN or the WAN. EGP forces the exchange of routing information between non-core gateways.

Since the core gateway uses GGP and the non-core gateway uses EGP, both of which are used on the Internet, there must be some way to make the two communicate with each other. The Internet enables any autonomous (non-core) gateway to send "reachable" information to other systems, at least to a core gateway. If there is a larger autonomous network, it is often considered that there is a gateway to handle these reachable information.

Like GGP, EGP uses a query process to make the gateway aware of its neighboring gateways and constantly exchange routing and status information with its neighbors. EGP is a state-driven protocol, meaning that it relies on a state table that reflects the state of the gateway and a set of operations that must be performed when a state table entry changes.

Interior gateway protocol(IGP)

There are several internal gateway protocols available, the most popular being RIP and HELLO, and the other protocol being called Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). None of these protocols are dominant, but RIP is probably the most common IGP protocol. . The choice of a particular IGP is based on the network architecture. Both the RIP and HELLO protocols calculate the distance to the destination, and their messages include the machine identification and the distance to the machine.

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